This second case note of the Leiden Children’s Rights Observatory, written by Nicolás Espejo Yaksic (Centre for Studies in Justice and Society, Catholic University of Chile), is now available online. The case note examines the recent inquiry report published by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, on its investigation into allegations of grave and systematic violations of provisions in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in relation to children in residential care in Chile. The case note presents the report’s findings, and includes interesting commentary on this ‘landmark case for the protection of children under residential care’.